Parameter insensitive passive lossless current sharing method. The experimental system includes 16 buck converters, a digital multiphase modulator and a digital controller implemented on an fpga. Digital pulse width modulation by thanukamalam arunachalam. Digital pulsewidth modulation control in power electronic circuits. The multiphase hybrid digital pulse width modulator of claim, wherein the digital correction signal is a multibit value which turns on or off different sized transistors in the delay cells. Introduction modern cmos processes have brought many advantages for digital circuits such as high density and high speed. Us8638151b2 variable frequency ratiometric multiphase. Pwm controller for application in multiphase voltage regulation. Thedeveloped pulse width modulator has high precision, good linearity, good noise immunity and wide duty ratio range. Reducing the digital pulse width modulation delay reduces the overshoot and undershoot in the output voltage in power converters with digital closed loop control. Thus, the multiphase inverter modelling is represented in multiple complex planes.
Advanced linear digital modulation scheme zero latency synthetic current control for excellent hf. Fpga based digital pulse width modulation using xilinx dcm. Some of these advantages are known from the early days of the multi. Mitigation of lower order harmonics with filtered svpwm in. Introduction the interest in multiphase motor drives has increased in recent years due to several advantages when compared to threephase drives 12. Jun 15, 2004 multiphase modulation can be achieved by using nlcs with pulse width modulation driven from a binary cmos backplane. Pulse width modulator gate drivers q1 q2 controller fig.
Automated system identification of digitally controlled. It can be done for example by any microprocessor that has at least 9 io pins. This paper proposes the development of a new digital pulse width modulation pwm scheme for aplication to both single phase and multiphase voltage regulation modules vrms, which are used as processor power supplies. Dvco between the pid and the duty cycle generation generates a new pulse width modulator that inherits the error amplifier from the classic. Groups of phase shifted pulse width modulation signals are generated that maintain their dutycycle and phase relationships as a function of the period of the pwm signal frequency. Nevertheless, space vector modulation svm techniques with multifrequency voltage injection for the control of all the degrees of freedom of the multiphase model is still a subject under research. Pdf universal and faulttolerant multiphase digital pwm. Digital pulse width modulator is an integral part in digitally controlled direct current to direct current dcdc converter utilized in modern portable devices. Novel technique of pulse width modulator design using a ring. The time during which the signal stays high is called the on time and the time during which the signal stays low is called the off time. A multiphase pwm rf modulator using a vcobased opamp in 45nm. Pdf this paper presents two novel transmitter architectures based on the combination of radiofrequency pulse width modulation and multiphase. Design and practical implementation of advanced reconfigurable digital controllers for lowpower multiphase dcdc converters.
The average value of voltage and current fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. Design and implementation of a high resolution two counter digital pulse width modulation received on. In this case, the pulse width and corresponding duty cycle change so that the average voltage looks more like an analog output that is not in a steady. Pulse width modulation on the mbed 9 the library functions are shown in the table below pwmout a pulsewidth modulation digital output functions usage pwmout create a pwmout connected to the specified pin write set the output dutycycle, specified as a normalised float 0. Lipo the first singlevolume resource for researchers in the field who previously had to depend on separate papers and conference records to attain a working knowledge of the subject. Dual pulsewidthmodulation control circuit datasheet rev. Generation of a high resolution digital pulsewidth.
Svpwm is one of the most popular choices due to the easy digital implementation and because of a better. Fpga based high resolution digital pulse width modulator. Multiphase modulation for nematic liquid crystal on silicon. We can control the nlc phase information by changing duty ratios of the applied. Apr 04, 2017 the length of time that a pulse is in a given state highlow is the width of a pulse wave.
Digital multiphase constantontime regulator based on voltage. This paper presents a new digital pulse width modulator dpwm architecture for dcdc converter using mealy finite state machine. Automatic multiphase digital pulse width modulator request pdf. Pulse width modulators are the basic building block in digital control architectures of any power converters. Dc drive control using high resolution digital pulse width. These algorithms address difficulties experienced in the past which prevented high fidelity digital pulse width modulators to be implemented. Us8638151b2 variable frequency ratiometric multiphase pulse.
These techniques are developed by using the vector space decomposition vsd approach 12. A comparative analysis of this novel phase accumulator based pwm generation technique is presented with the traditionally used counter based pwm. Pulse width modulation pwm is a digital signal which is most commonly used in control circuitry. Digital pulse width modulation for classd audio amplifiers. Both spacevector pulse width modulation svpwm and discontinuous pwm dpwm are commonly used modulators. It achieves this by rapidly toggling the pin from low to high. If the filtered current from phase x, i x is the same as the average value, the output from the first summation stage is zero, and v dac sets the pwm pulse width.
Fpgabased multiphase digital pulse width modulator with dualedge modulation by martin josef scharrer, mark halton, tony scanlan and karl rinne no static citation data no static citation data cite. University of california, berkeley 2002 a dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in engineeringelectrical engineering. As was discussed, the pulse width control is possible to set by setting the digital inputs on b bus. Direct digital design of the compensator is based on a multi. Pulse width modulation pwm strategies for the control of asymmetrical sixphase drives have been widely studied since the beginning of this century. The proposed circuit can produce 0 to 100 % variation of the width of the pulse train, depending on the control word applied to dcps.
High resolution multiphase digital pulse width modulator a 4phase, bit resolution dpwm is designed by combining 3bit dither modulation 2 and a 10bit hardware dpwm. This signal is set high 5v and low 0v in a predefined time and speed. Keywords digital control, field programmable gate array, pulse width modulator, signal resolution. The main advantage realized is reduction of acoustic noise and increased tracking accuracy. In this paper a smart multiphase dpwm is presented which incorporates a duty cycle distribution algorithm. Fpgabased highfrequency digital pulse width modulator. Renesas offers a broad portfolio of synchronous mosfet drivers for multiphase pulse width modulation pwm. Pulse width modulated dcdc power converters is a comprehensive textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the areas of electrical, electronics, and telecommunications engineering. Index termspulse width modulation, pwm, multiphase pwm, rfdac, rf modulator.
However, little detailed discussions on multiphase setting are reported. This can be done by varying the width or spacing of digital pulses this is called pulse width modulation, pwm this document gives a few examples. Fpgabased multiphase digital pulse width modulator with. The work presented in this book offers a general approach to the development of fixed switching frequency pulse width modulated pwm strategies to suit hardswitched converters. Pulse width modulation has changed the world by slashing the power consumption of appliances utilizing motors such as inverter air conditioners pdf, inverter refrigerators, inverter washing machines, among many others. The key element of this ic is a new multiphase digital pulse width modulator mdpwm that utilizes a programmable counter, a delay line, and a digital logic with variable numbers representation. Design and implementation of a high resolution two counter. Pdf combined rf and multiphase pwm transmitter researchgate.
A 120ps resolution digital pulse width modulator dpwm and 4mv quantization bin analogtodigital. Multiphase digital pulsewidth modulator article pdf available in ieee transactions on power electronics 2. Pulse position modulation ppm is an analog modulation scheme in which, the amplitude and the width of the pulses are kept constant, while the position of each pulse, with reference to the position of a reference pulse varies according to the instantaneous sampled value of the message signal. Although there is limit on clock frequency which is to be used in digital circuit. This paper describes simple digital pulse width modulator with optimized area using field programmable gate arrays fpga. In the digital implementation, multiphase reference voltages are sampled and fed into the digital modulator to produce gating signals at a constant clock rate f. Digital multiphase modulator a power da perspective. A novel technique of pulse width modulation using a multiphase ring oscillator and a multiplexerbased digitally controlled phase shifter dcps has been presented. Multiphase systems, voltage source inverter, space vector modulation, pulse width modulation. Control of solidstate lamps using a multiphase pulse. The mp2888a is available in a qfn40 5mm x 5mm package. Automated system identification of digitallycontrolled multiphase dcdc converters na kong1, ali davoudi2, mark hagen3, eric oettinger3, ming xu1, dong sam ha1, and fred c.
Generation of a high resolution pulse width modulated wave. Burstmode operation of power amplifiers pas is a promising concept towards higher power efficiency in radio frequency rf transmitters. Sohel rana1, 2mhaske kanchan vikram 1, 2 ece department, m. As shown in figure 1, this pulse train is then modulated with the constant envelope rf signal.
Synchronous drivers for multiphase pwm renesas electronics. Introduction digital control of motors has obtained great research attention due to their now wellknown advantages 15. Comparative analysis of fpgabased digital pulse width. The proposed modified digital pulse width modulation scheme is verified using computer simulations and experimental results. Advanced pulse width modulation controller ics for buck dc. An alldigital pwm transmitter with enhanced phase resolution. The time is quantized into number of discrete slots and is selected by a digital input dn instead of a carrier ramp signal.
Jp6437001b2 multiphase pulse width modulator for class d. Pulse width modulation is a modulation technique in which the pulse width is changes with respect to the time. Groups of phase shifted pulse width modulation pwm signals are generated that maintain their dutycycle and phase relationships as a function of the period of the pwm signal frequency. A multiphase pulse width modulator 602 is associated with the first and second embodiments to generate the five phase shifted pulse width modulated phase signals described above that are input to a crosspoint or matrix switch 618.
This paper proposes the development of a new digital pulse width modulation pwm scheme for aplication to both single phase and multiphase voltage regulation modules vrms, which are used as. Adc function based on pwm technique this mostly digital circuit provides analog digital conversion by timing a ramping waveform versus the unknown input voltage signaled via a comparator pulse output. The pulse width modulation pwm methods for the asymmetrical dual threephase drives have been widely covered in different researches 1216. The multiphase pwm signals are generated in a ratiometric fashion so as to greatly simplify and reduce the computational workload for a processor used in a pwm system. Digitization of modern world has led to increasing use of digital equipment. Pulse width modulation for power converters principles and. Pulse width modulation pwm, or pulse duration modulation pdm, is a method of reducing the average power delivered by an electrical signal, by effectively chopping it up into discrete parts. Mar, 2012 a digital controller for a multiphase power regulator comprising. Offtime prediction in digital constant ontime modulation for dcdc converters na kong, dong sam ha, jian li, and fred c. High dynamic range pseudoa twoa level digital pulsea width. Universal and faulttolerant multiphase digital pwm. By changing the header current, the pulse width of the switching signal generated at the output of the ring oscillator is dynamically controlled. Active transient response circuits, system and method for.
Terry sturtevant electronics pulse width modulation sensors. Pwm has many applications such as controlling servos and speed controllers, limiting the effective power of motors and leds. For example, inverter air conditioners can consume less than half the energy that their noninverter counterparts do in some. Successful operation of twophase modulation in the entire speed operating range will depend on hardware configuration. This letter describes a digital pulsewidth modulator that enables the generation of a large, adjustable number of pulsewidth modulated pwm outputs of pro. Pulse width modulation is basically, a square wave with a. Such transmitters use pulse width modulation pwm to create the driving signal for the pa, and a. This new digital modulator is derived from the analog stvcot see 1 in section 5. A generalised multifrequency pwm strategy for dual three. Pulse width modulation sensors raspberry pi python pwm control shaft encoders ultrasonic sensors v to f and f to v converters.
Offtime prediction in digital constant ontime modulation. Generation of a high resolution digital pulsewidth modulator. A digitally controlled current starved pulse width modulator pwm is described in this paper. Abstractthis paper describes a multiphase pulse width modulation mpwm technique used for controlling the luminance of a solidstate lamp ssl. Linear modulation one scheme is to simply square the received dsb signal x2 r. If the gate driver employs a bootstrap power supply strategy, misoperation will occur at low motor fundamental frequencies modulation control. Tl1453c dual pulse width modulation control circuit slvs039a february 1990 revised december 1990 post office box 655303 dallas, texas 75265 3 electrical characteristics over recommended operating freeair temperature range, vcc 6 v, f 200 khz unless otherwise noted continued. Digital multiphase pwm nonlinear controller with nvidia. The proposed digital pulsewidth modulator is simulated in tsmc 90nm 1p9m process.
Pdf this paper presents two novel transmitter architectures based on the combination of. Pulse width modulation or pwm is a common technique used to vary the width of the pulses in a pulse train. Automatic multiphase digital pulse width modulator. An advantage of this is that a digital toanalogue converter dac that would usually be required to control an analogue device is not used. The most efficient method of doing this is by pulse width modulation pwm control used within the inverter. The main principle of this technique relies on duty. A digital multimode multiphase controller voltage regulator.
The parameter insensitive passive current sharing digital controller regulating operation of a multiphase voltage mode interleaved buck converter. Generation of a high resolution digital pulse width modulator through digital control in general purpose field programmable gate array k. The key element of this ic is a new multiphase digitalpulse width modulator mdpwm that utilizes a programmable counter, a delay line, and a digital logic with variable numbers representation. As a result, a highresolution digital pulse width modulator dpwm and highspeed analogueto digital ad converter are required to obtain proper performance of the converter. The switching operation control signal digital pulse width modulator 7 starts its operation when receiving the reset signal rstc from the. The key element of this ic is a new multiphase digitalpulse width modulator mdpwm that utilizes a programmable counter, a delay line, and. Pulse width modulation is required to control the multiphase of the nlcs. The blue lines are pwm output from an mcu, and the red line is the average voltage. Pdf aliasingfree digital pulsewidth modulation for. This conversion is performed through modulating the envelope of the rf input into the duty cycles of a periodic pulse train. The complete doubleedge pulse width modulatoricis implementedin a0. The multiphase pwm signals are generated in a ratiometric fashion so as to greatly simplify and reduce the computational workload for a processor used in a. A hybrid approach 8 combining the countercomparator and ringoscillatormux scheme 4 is used to achieve subnanosecond resolution in the 10bit hardware dpwmmodule.
Monolithic power systems has introduced the mp2888a, a digital, multiphase, pulsewidth modulation controller with digital pwmvid interface that is compatible with nvidias open vreg specification. Datasheet the isl687 is a digital dual output, flexible multiphase. In contrast, analog circuits must deal with reduced supply voltages, higher levels of mismatch, and reduced intrinsic gain. Adc function based on pwm technique electronic design. Literature and references on page and combines advantages of both the voltage mode and constant. Under the threephase setting, it is well known that svpwm is preferred for small modulation indices, whereas dpwm is better for large modulation indices. Us8878581b2 variable frequency ratiometric multiphase. This means a finite pulse width resolution because the gating state transition can only occur at some specific time instants depending on f. Pulsewidth modulation pwm is a technique employed in the field of digital electronics, which allows a microcontroller device with a digital output to control an analogue device using square waves. In this document an innovative digital control technique is proposed for multiphase buck topologies, but it could be applied also to the only onephase system. Linear modulation techniques university of colorado. Graduate department of electrical and computer engineering university of toronto. Download pulse width modulation for power converters principles and practice by grahame holmes and thomas a.
Texas instruments tms320x2833x reference manual pdf download. The multiphase hybrid digital pulse width modulator of claim, wherein the delay line replica is used to set the speed of the delay cells. See the devicespecific data manual to determine which epwm instances include this feature. The current from the power grid to the ring oscillator is controlled by a header circuit. With an increasing number of phases, special multiphase digital pulse width modulators dpwms prove advantageous over the parallel use of conventional dpwms. Abstractthis letter describes a digital pulsewidth modulator that enables the generation of a large, adjustable number of pulsewidth modulated pwm outputs. The duty cycle is compared with the time slots in order to generate the dpwm signal 2. Index termsmaximum modulation index, multiphase, pulsewidth modulation pwm, space vector, voltagesource inverters. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods. This study is focused on the digital implementation of the wellknown lnl control in a multiphase vrm taking advantage of lowcost fieldprogrammable gate array. Further, it can be flexibly reconfigured for multiphase pwmoperationwithnorestriction on duty cycle range.
Hereinafter, the operation of the switching operation control signal digital pulse width modulator 7 will be explained using fig. Theory and applications by angel vladimirov peterchev a. Us8716998b2 dcdc converter and digital pulse width. Analog communication pulse modulation tutorialspoint. Architecture and ic implementation of a digital vrm controller. Digital pulsewidth modulation control in power electronic. This extension is the highresolution pulse width modulator hrpwm and is described in the tms320x2833x, 2823x highresolution pulse width modulator hrpwm reference guide sprug02. In conventional pulse width modulation pwm and pulse code modulation techniques, the average hbled string current is controlled by simultaneously.
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